{"id":19669,"date":"2018-05-14T11:09:30","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T16:09:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kaptest.com\/blog\/prep\/?p=19669"},"modified":"2024-04-19T22:37:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-19T22:37:00","slug":"ap-biology-notes-plant-structure-and-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/ap-biology\/ap-biology-notes-plant-structure-and-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Biology Notes: Plant Structure and Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t<div   class='av_promobox  avia-button-no   avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first '>\t\t<div class='avia-promocontent'><p>\n<strong>Four&nbsp;Things to Know about&nbsp;Plant Structure and Systems<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Plants with vascular tissues usually have three types of structures: leaves, roots, and branches.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Plants have specialized structures to deal with water and nutrients. These include stomata controlled by guard cells, a loosely packed spongy layer, the palisade layer, xylem, and phloem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Plants produce energy through photosynthesis and lose water via transpiration. As water evaporates from the leaves, it pulls water up through channels in the xylem. The phloem carries nutrients throughout the plant.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Plants can reproduce asexually via vegetative propagation. Sexual reproduction in plants takes place in the flower.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<\/div><\/div><br>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3    avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_promobox  el_before_av_heading  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Key Topics&#8211;Plant Structure and Systems<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\nRemember that the AP Biology exam tests you on the depth of your knowledge, not just your ability to recall facts. While we have provided brief definitions here, you will need to know these terms in even more depth for the AP Biology exam.<br>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h4    avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_heading  '><h4 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Plant Vascular and Leaf Systems<\/h4><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Minerals: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Naturally occurring inorganic elements essential in the nutrition of organisms<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Terrestrial plants: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Plants that live and grow on land<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Epidermis: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The outermost surface of an organism<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Stomata: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pores in a leaf through which gas and water vapor pass; a small opening on the surface of a membrane; a mouthlike opening in an organism<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Transpiration: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The evaporation of water from leaves or other exposed surfaces of plants<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Adaptation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A behavioral or biological change that enables an organism to adjust to its environment<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Xylem: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vascular tissue of the plant that aids in support and carries water<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Phloem: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The vascular tissue of a plant that transports organic materials (photosynthetic products) from the leaves to other parts of the plant<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Cell wall: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A wall composed of cellulose that is external to the cell membrane in plants; it is primarily involved in support and in the maintenance of proper internal pressure; fungi have cell walls made of chitin, and some protists also have cell walls<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Osmotic pressure: <\/b><\/strong>Pressure exerted by the flow of water through a semipermeable membrane, which separates a solution into two concentrations of solute<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h4    avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_promobox  '><h4 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Plant Reproduction and Development<\/h4><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Phototropism: <\/b>Plant growth stimulated by light (stem: +, toward light; root: -, away from light)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Photoperiodism:<\/strong> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Response to seasonal changes in the length of day or night<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Circadian rhythms:<\/strong> &nbsp;<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Daily cycles of behavior<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Reproduce vegetatively\/vegetative reproduction:<\/strong> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asexual reproduction<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Ingestion:<\/strong> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The intake of food from the environment into the alimentary canal<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Indeterminate growth:<\/strong> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Growth without a termination point<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Sexual reproduction:<\/strong> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reproduction by the fusion of a male and female gamete to form a zygote<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><b>Alternation of generations: <\/b><\/strong>The description of a plant life cycle that consists of a diploid, asexual, sporophyte generation and a haploid, sexual, gametophyte generation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\t<div   class='av_promobox  avia-button-yes   avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_sidebar '>\t\t<div class='avia-promocontent'><p>\nClick the button to the right for our full&nbsp;Plant Structure and Systems&nbsp;notes!<\/p>\n<\/div><div  class='avia-button-wrap avia-button-right ' ><a href='https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/16nO5yahsTlpIOxeIn3GiUXs2TI8oEdXzlxAukoRSNGc\/edit?usp=sharing' class='avia-button  avia-color-theme-color   avia-icon_select-no avia-size-large avia-position-right ' target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Plant Structure and Systems Full Notes<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><br>\n<strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><\/strong><br>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<div  class='avia-builder-widget-area clearfix  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_sidebar  avia-builder-el-last '><div id=\"custom_html-85\" class=\"widget_text widget clearfix widget_custom_html\"><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div><div class='op-interactive' id='65e692c654d20728b8d0c02e' data-title='Barrons AP Biology Quiz' data-url='https:\/\/kaplannorthamerica.outgrow.us\/65e692c654d20728b8d0c02e?vHeight=1' data-width='100%'><\/div><script>var og_temp=document.createElement('script');og_temp.async=true;og_temp.defer=true;og_temp.src='\/\/dyv6f9ner1ir9.cloudfront.net\/assets\/js\/nloader.js',og_temp.onload=function(){initIframe('65e692c654d20728b8d0c02e')},document.querySelector('head').appendChild(og_temp)<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Remember that the AP Biology exam tests you on the depth of your knowledge, not just your ability to recall facts. While we have provided brief definitions here, you will need to know these terms in even more depth for the AP Biology exam. Minerals: Naturally occurring inorganic elements essential in the nutrition of organisms [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28106,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[82],"tags":[83],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19669"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19669"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19669\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46270,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19669\/revisions\/46270"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19669"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19669"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}