{"id":5836,"date":"2019-09-10T09:22:47","date_gmt":"2019-09-10T14:22:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kaptest.com\/blog\/lsat-the-180\/?p=5836"},"modified":"2020-09-11T20:40:44","modified_gmt":"2020-09-11T20:40:44","slug":"necessary-vs-sufficient-lsat-assumption-questions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/lsat\/necessary-vs-sufficient-lsat-assumption-questions\/","title":{"rendered":"Necessary vs. Sufficient LSAT Assumption Questions"},"content":{"rendered":"

LSAT assumption questions are the backbone of the <\/span>Logical Reasoning section<\/span><\/a>. The argument principles underlying assumption questions form the basis of the whole shebang. It makes sense then that getting really, really good at assumptions will get us to a very good place on Test Day. So it\u2019s time to make an adjustment to your strategy that will rock your logical reasoning world.<\/span>
\n 
\n

Breaking down LSAT assumption questions<\/h3>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
\nLet\u2019s start by identifying the conclusion and evidence to the following faux-LSAT argument-based question, and then predict the assumption.
\nGo ahead and take a moment to break this\u00a0example down:<\/span>
\n\t
\t\t

\nThe Sound of Music<\/span>\u00a0is three hours long, and I\u2019ve been saving it until I could watch the whole movie with no interruptions. Thus, it must be true that I can watch the movie right now.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>
\nFirst, the breakdown:<\/span>
\nConclusion<\/strong>: I can watch the movie right now.<\/span>
\nEvidence<\/strong>: The movie is three hours long, and I saved it until I could watch the whole thing.<\/span>
\nSecond, the assumption:<\/span>
\nAssumption<\/strong>: I have time to watch the whole thing right now.<\/span>
\n 
\n

Necessity and Sufficiency<\/h3>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
\nNow, if you\u2019ve got this far, excellent. But there is something we can do on Test Day that we could not do in the above sample argument because we don\u2019t have a question stem, and that is to differentiate between two different kinds of assumption questions: necessary and sufficient.
\nEach of type of LSAT assumption question operates using the same basic principles, but their execution is slightly different\u2014and realizing the difference will make you a much <\/span>stronger LSAT test-taker<\/span><\/a> by giving you direct access to the test-maker\u2019s point of view and how they put together the Logical Reasoning section as a whole. So, let\u2019s give this whole situation the <\/span>LSAT expert eyeball<\/span>, and remember to apply these methods all the time from here on out.<\/span>
\n

Solving for Necessary Assumption<\/h4>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
\nIf this were a necessary assumption question, the question stem would include words like \u201crelies,\u201d \u201cdepends,\u201d \u201crequires,\u201d etc., indicating that the answer choice MUST BE THERE for the author to draw a conclusion.
\nOnce we break apart the argument the way we did above, we need to figure out what the author requires to draw the conclusion. Think of the necessary assumption like this: <\/span>
\nIf the conclusion is true \u2013> the necessary assumption must be true.<\/span><\/i>
\nNotice that the above if\/then statement is formal logic; to really destroy the LSAT, you will need to be <\/span>conversant in formal logic<\/span><\/a>. Conditional logic underpins a lot of the test, so check those skills out and know them inside and out.<\/span>
\nNow make a prediction about what you need\u2014just the bare minimum of what is necessary. For instance, think about how you would answer the following question for <\/span>The Sound of Music<\/span><\/i> argument:<\/span>
\n\t
\t\t

\nWhich of the following assumptions does the author\u2019s argument require?<\/span><\/i>
\nA)<\/i><\/b>\u00a0I have at least three hours open right now.<\/span><\/i>
\nB)<\/i><\/b>\u00a0I have four hours to kill right now.<\/span><\/i>
\nC)<\/i><\/b>\u00a0I always have three hours free at this time of day.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>
\nAll three of those answers <\/span>speak to our prediction<\/span> because they give us enough time to watch the show. But only one of them MUST be true: A. The only thing that has to be true to draw the conclusion is that at least three hours are open right now.<\/span>
\nAnswer Choices: As you can see above, tentative wording like \u201cat least\u201d or \u201csome\u201d is preferable to extreme wording like \u201calways,\u201d \u201cnever,\u201d \u201cmust,\u201d \u201cwill,\u201d etc., since we are only looking for the minimum necessary relationship, not everything that <\/span>could<\/span><\/i> happen.<\/span>
\nNecessary assumption questions are actually similar to <\/span>inference questions<\/span><\/a>, since both of them are asking us what must be true. The difference is that inference questions are asking us to draw a correct conclusion from given information and necessary assumptions want us to bridge a gap between given evidence and the author\u2019s conclusion.<\/span>
\n

Solving for Sufficient Assumption<\/h4>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
\nSufficient LSAT assumption questions often involve formal logic in the stimulus, so it\u2019s no surprise that the question stem is also often conditional: \u201cThe conclusion above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\u201d When we don\u2019t see any necessary indicators in an assumption question stem, we are dealing with a sufficient assumption.
\nImagine that <\/span>The Sound of Music <\/span><\/i>question is a sufficient assumption type. First, we should untangle the argument, the same way we did above. If your formal logic sensors have been buzzing, it\u2019s because \u201csufficient assumption\u201d should already be pushing us to thinking:<\/span>
\nIf the sufficient assumption is true \u2013> the conclusion is true.<\/span><\/i>
\nSo our task is to figure out which answer choice triggers the conclusion\u2014which could be as small as the necessary assumption or much broader, since an extreme answer choice still guarantees the conclusion.<\/span>
\nIf we examine the answer choices from the necessary assumption version of this question:<\/span>
\n\t
\t\t

\nA)<\/i><\/b>\u00a0I have at least three hours open right now.<\/span><\/i>
\nB)<\/i><\/b>\u00a0I have four hours to kill right now.<\/span><\/i>
\nC)<\/i><\/b>\u00a0I always have three hours free at this time of day.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>
\n

<\/span><\/span><\/div>
\nALL of these answers would work for a sufficient assumption question. They all trigger the conclusion that I can watch the movie right now.<\/span>
\nTo make a prediction, keep it broad and look out for chains of <\/span>conditional formal logic<\/span><\/a>. Often, we see a break between the evidence-related formal logic and the conclusion-related formal logic that needs to be bridged. Keep in mind how these work and know how extreme these answers can get.<\/span>
\nThough they\u2019re bad for necessary assumption questions, extreme answer choices are actually great for sufficiency, so target them right away. Be wary of answers outside the scope of the question and answers that mis-translate formal logic.<\/span>
\nUnderstanding how to answer sufficiency LSAT assumption questions can help you on strengthen questions as well, as these are essentially more specific forms of sufficient assumption. The correct answer choice to a strengthen question should trigger the conclusion.<\/span>
\n
\t\t\t

<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>

\t\t\t

<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LSAT assumption questions are the backbone of the Logical Reasoning section. The argument principles underlying assumption questions form the basis of the whole shebang. It makes sense then that getting really, really good at assumptions will get us to a very good place on Test Day. So it\u2019s time to make an adjustment to your […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28377,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[25],"tags":[26,333],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5836"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5836"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34269,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5836\/revisions\/34269"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpapp.kaptest.com\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}